APPENDIX continue 2

Table A-215b. Operation speed

Name of operation

Equipment

Operation speed

(km/hr)

Remarks

Low

Standard

High

  

Tillage

"Suki" Japanese plow

3.8

4.3

4.7

hand tractor

3.5

4.5

5.5

  

Bottom plow

3.5

4.5

5.5

  

Rotary

1.2

1.4

1.6

0.45-0.6m width

1.3

1.6

1.9

15 PS (0.9-1.2m width )

1.6

2.0

2.3

30 PS <(1.6-1.8m width)

Plowing

with harrowing

Harrow - plow

2.7

3.7

4.7

High - cut plow etc

Pan breaking

Sub-soiler

1.8

2.0

2.2

  

Harrowing

Rotary

1.2

1.4

1.6

(0.45-0.6 m width)
 

1.7

2.0

2.3

15 PS (0.9-1.2m width)
 

1.8

1.8

2.5

30 PS <(1.6-1.8m width)
 

Desk harrow

4.4

5.2

6.0

  

Leveling

Tooth harrow

4.0

5.2

6.3

15 PS (2-3 m width)
   

4.6

5.9

7.1

30 PS< (3-4 m width)

Pressing

Landroller

3.6

4.5

5.0

  
 

Culti - packer

3.6

4.5

5.0

  

Puddling

Puddling rake

2.2

2.9

3.6

power tiller

Paddy harrow

3.6

4.0

4.4

Riding type tractor

Rotary and leveling plate

3.8

4.0

4.2

Riding type tractor

Transplanting

for mat-type rice seedling

1.1

1.6

2.1

Power driven 2 row type

1.1

1.4

1.8

Power driven 4 row type

Fertilizer application

Manure spreader

4.5

5.8

7.0

  

Lime Sower

4.0

4.7

5.7

  

Broad - Caster

3.6

4.5

6.2

For fertilizer application

knapsack power

duster

0.6

1.0

1.4

For fertilizer application

(boom type blow head)

Sowing and

Fertilizing

Grain - drill

(Drill-seeder)

2.2

2.6

3.0

Pull - type (walking type)

1.5

1.9

2.3

Power driven (walking type)

1.6

2.7

3.7

7 row type (15 PS <)

2.8

3.3

3.9

11-13 row type (30 PS <)

Sowing and Fertilizing

knapsack power duster

0.8

1.2

1.6

Use granule blow head

Pest and

disease control

knapsack power

applicator

0.8

1.2

1.6

Duster (boom type blow head)

1.0

1.2

1.4

Duster (Single blow head)

1.1

1.4

1.6

Granule blow head

0.7

0.9

1.1

Mist blower

Power sprayer

2.0

2.7

3.4

Horizontal type nozzle

1.5

2.1

2.6

Swath nozzle

Power duster

1.1

1.6

2.0

Manual type (boom type)

1.8

2.2

2.5

Pulling-type (boom type)

1.6

2.0

2.3

Mount type (boom type)

Granule applicator

1.8

2.3

2.9

Manual type

Harvesting by

reaping & binding

Binder

2.0

2.6

3.3

one row type

1.8

2.2

2.7

two row type

Harvesting

& Threshing

Head-feeding type

Combine

1.2

1.6

2.1

0.5-0.7 m cutting width

1.0

1.4

1.8

0.9-1.3 m cutting width

Standard Combine

harvester

0.7

1.2

1.6

1.5-2.4 m cutting width

0.7

1.3

2.0

3.0 m cutting width

1.0

1.5

2.5

4.7 m cutting width

Source: Reference 18.

For upland work, see ASAE-D497

Table A-216. Field efficiency

Name of works

Equipment

Field efficiency (%)

Remarks

Low

Standard

High

  

Tillage

Suki for hand tractor

75

84

94

power tiller

Bottom plow

50

62

73

Including Suki

Rotary tiller

82

89

96

power tiller

64

75

86

15PS< tractor

Plowing & Pulverizer

Plow with pulverizer

50

62

73

High-cut plow,

plow-rotary etc

Pan-break

Sub-soiler

30

35

40

Pulverizer

,harrowing

Rotary & tiller

82

89

96

power tiller

70

82

94

Above 15 PS tractor

Disk-harrow

65

70

75

Leveling

Tooth-harrow

70

80

90

Pressing

Roller

60

65

70

Including culti-packer

Pudding

Paddy harrow

70

82

94

Rotary and leveling plate

Trans-planting

Rice transplanter with young seedling

33

54

74

Manual operated one row type

37

55

74

Power driven two row type

with large rice seedling

39

56

73

Power driven two row type

Fertilizer

application

Manure spreader

20

30

40

Including the feeding manure and transporting

Lime sower

40

50

60

Broad - castor

45

55

66

Sowing

& fertilizing

Grain drill

(Drill seeder)

54

65

76

Power driven(walking type)

30

45

60

Direct mounted type

38

52

66

Traction type

Pest and disease

control

Knapsack type power duster

35

50

65

Dusting

Power sprayer

35

50

65

Used horizontal nozzle

24

35

46

Swath - nozzle

Power duster

35

50

65

Manual hand sprayer

37

54

71

Reaping

& binding

Reaper binder

47

65

83

Threshing

Self-propelled power thresher

47

65

83

Harvesting & threshing

Head-feeding type

Combine

34

50

66

Including harvesting by hand in corner

51

65

79

Not including by hand harvest

Standard type Combine

43

55

66

Table A-216. shows Field efficiency, which contains the statistically arranged results, based on examination. This field efficiency is the standard value, which comes from the average value of the test results (tested in the experimental station in Japan), regardless of the shape, size of field and method of works. The column of “low” is the number, which the standard deviation was deduced from the value.

(for upland work see ASAE-D497)

Source: Reference 18.

 

Table A-23b. Effect of field size and shape etc.

Machinery

Operating method

Analytical equations

plow

returned + followed

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te

tb = η0*[(y-2*n*w)/v1]+2*(x-L)/v1 + 4*t0 + [(x-2*n*w)/w - 1] + 4*η*t2

harrow

spiral

T = [x * (y-2*H)]/(v*w) + (x/w - 1)*t1+ tc + td + te

ta = [x * (y-2*H)]/(v*w) + (x/w - 1)*t1

rotary

returned + followed

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te

tb = [(x-2*n*w)/w - 1] * t1+ 4*n*t2

mount type drill seeder

returned + followed

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te + tf

tb = [(x-2*n*w)/w - 1] * t1+ 4*n*t2

tf = (qf*x*y*t4f)/Qf + (qs*x*y*t4s)/Qs

trail type drill seeder

returned + headland

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te + tf

tb = [x/w - 2] * t1+ 2*(n-1)*t20 + 2*t21

tf = (qf*x*y*t4f)/Qf + (qs*x*y*t4s)/Qs

mount type boom sprayer

returned + headland

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te + tf

tb = [x/w - 1] * t1+ y/v1

tf + tg = (t4 + t5)*(q*x*y)/Q

returned + followed

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te + tf + tg

tb = [(x-2*n*w)/w - 1] * t1+ 4*t2

tf + tg = (t4 + t5)*(q*x*y)/Q

levee nozzle sprayer

both side returned

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te + tf + tg

tb = 2*x/v2 + t6

tf + tg = (t4 + t5)*(q*x*y)/Q

both side one-way

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te + tf

tb = (x*y)/(v1*w) + 2*x/v2 + t6

tf + tg = (t4 + t5)*(q*x*y)/Q

both side returned

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te + tf

tb = 2*x/v2

tf + tg = (t4 + t5)*(q*x*y)/Q

both side one-way

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te + tf

tb = (x*y)/(v1*w) + x/v2

tf + tg = (t4 + t5)*(q*x*y)/Q

bag unloading combine

followed round + returned

T = (x*y)/(v*w) + tb + tc + td + te + th

tb = [(x-2*n*w)/w - 1] * t1+ (4*n-4)*t2 + 4*t20

where,

T

total operating time

h, s

x

width of field

m

y

length of field

m

w

effective operating width

m

v

effective operating speed

m/s

ta

actual operating time

h, s

tb

total turning time

h, s

tc

moving time in field

h, s

td

regulating time

h, s

te

rest time

h, s

tf

total loading or unloading time

h, s

tg

total transporting time

h, s

th

waiting time

h, s

n0

number of opening process

times

n

number of process at head land

times

v1

operating speed at opening

m/s

v2

idling speed at spraying with levee nozzle

L

machinery length

m

H

length of head land

m

t0

turning time at opening

s

t1

u type turning time

s

t2

Δ type turning time

s

qf

spreading quantity of fertilizer per unit area

kg/m2

qs

spreading quantity of seed per unit area

kg/m2

Qf

fertilizer hopper capacity

kg

Qs

seed hopper capacity

kg

t20

corner dealing time

s

t12

round turning time

s

t4f

fertilizer loading time

s

t4s

seed loading time

s

t4

loading or unloading time

s

t5

transporting time

s

t6

transporting time

s

Source: Reference 8.

 

Example (a): Plow

In case of plow, total time will be shown as followings:

T = (x*y)/(v*w) +n0*[(y-2*n*w)/v1]+2*(x-L)/v1 + 4*t0 + [(x-2*n*w)/w - 1] + 4*n*t2+ tc + td + te

where,

x

36

m

y

54

m

w

0.84

m

v

1.3

m/s

tc

65

h, s

td

66

h, s

te

0

h, s

n0

2

times

n

9

times

v1

1.2

m/s

L

machinery length

m

H

5.6

m

t0

26

s

t11

18

s

t2

22

s

lc

5.6

m

and m = y / x and A = x * y / 10**4, then,

T = 0.915*xy + 0.297*x**2 + 0.09*x + 1.67*y + 1014 ≒ 2.56*A + 0.833*A/m - 0.046 * (√m * A) +0.28 (h)

C = 1 / [2.56 + 0.83/m - 0.046* (√m / A) +0.28 / A （ha/h）

Fig. A-23 shows how the actual field efficiency is varied with size and shape of field. For example, the field efficiency with same plow increases as 47%, 63% and 71% in the area of 20 x 50(10 are), 25m x 80m(20 are) and 30m x 100m(30 are) respectively.

Fig. A-23 Effective Field Capacity of plowing

 

Table A-232. Relationships between Field Efficiency and Field Size

Shape and Size of field

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Direct Mounted Type

Direct Mounted Type

Direct Mounted Type

Feeding Needed

Feeding Needed

Feeding Needed

Feeding Needed

width

Length

Area

Length/Width

Bottom Plow

Rotary Tiller

Tooth Harrow Type

Grain Drill Direct Mounted Type

Grain Drill Pull Type

Power Sprayer Swarth nozzle

Power Sprayer

Combine

m

m

ha

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

20

50

0.10

2.5

47

50

62

20

17

24

26

26

20

75

0.15

3.8

58

60

71

26

23

29

29

35

20

100

0.20

5.0

65

67

77

30

27

33

31

41

20

200

0.40

10.0

82

80

87

42

38

40

35

59

25

40

0.10

1.6

45

50

61

19

17

24

26

26

25

80

0.20

3.2

63

66

76

30

27

33

32

41

25

100

0.25

4.0

69

71

80

33

30

36

34

45

25

200

0.50

8.0

84

83

89

45

41

43

38

64

30

50

0.15

1.7

53

59

70

24

22

30

30

34

30

80

0.24

2.7

66

69

79

32

29

36

34

45

30

100

0.30

3.3

71

74

82

36

33

38

36

51

30

200

0.60

6.7

85

85

90

47

44

44

40

67

40

50

0.20

1.3

56

64

74

28

26

34

32

40

40

75

0.30

1.9

67

73

81

34

32

38

36

50

40

100

0.40

2.5

73

78

85

39

37

41

38

57

40

200

0.80

5.0

86

88

92

50

47

47

42

73

50

50

0.25

1.0

58

67

77

30

28

36

34

45

50

80

0.40

1.6

69

77

85

38

36

41

38

56

50

100

0.50

2.0

74

81

83

42

39

44

40

62

50

200

1.00

4.0

86

89

93

52

49

48

44

76

60

83

0.50

1.4

70

79

87

40

39

44

40

61

60

100

0.60

1.7

74

82

89

43

42

45

41

65

60

200

1.20

3.3

86

90

94

53

51

49

45

79

Conditions for Examination

Valid working width (m)

0.84

1.55

3

2.45

3.3

5.5

16.5

2.3

Valid working speed (km/h)

4.7

1.4

7.9

3.2

4

2.5

2.2

0.9

Valid working amount(ha/h)

0.39

0.21

2.38

0.76

1.31

1.39

3.56

0.21

from fm-232.xls

 

Table A-243b. Example of calculation for Net Work Rate

Equipment

Period of Operation (month)

Work hours per day

The Contents of working hours a day

Net work rate

Net work

Outside of the field and others
   

Dt

Dn

Dm

Dp

Ps

Dc

Da

Dio

Dr

Db

Dw

Dn/Dt

unit

  

min

min

min

min

min

min

min

min

min

min

min

%

Rotary

April. B.E

606

452

12

10

5

15

10

20

42

40

－

75

Tooth harrow

May .B

648

501

12

10

5

10

5

20

45

40

－

77

Grain drill

May .B

648

416

12

5

5

10

60

20

45

40

－

64

Paddy harrow

May .M.

666

512

12

10

5

15

5

20

47

40

30

77

Rice transplanting

May .M.

666

484

20

10

－

15

15

5

47

40

－

73

Power sprayer

(Swath-Nozzle)

June.

M.

5

525

12

10

5

15

10

－

49

40

30

75

Knapsack type power duster

June.

M.

696

546

20

10

－

10

5

－

25

80

30

78

Power binder

October .B.

528

396

20

10

－

10

15

10

37

30

－

75

Combine

October .B.

528

361

20

10

－

15

15

5

37

30

25

68

B: Beginning of month E: End of month M: Middle of month

 

Table A-244b. Average monthly farm operation hour per day in each area in Japan. (hours)

month

North latitude

(representative place)

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

26.13

(Naha, Okinawa)

8.8

8.4

9.0

9.9

10.5

10.8

10.6

10.0

9.3

8.5

7.8

7.5

31.00

(Kagoshima, Miyazaki)

7.4

8.1

9.0

10.0

10.8

11.2

11.0

10.4

9.3

8.5

7.8

7.2

34.00

(Yamaguchi, Takamatsu)

7.2

8.0

9.0

10.0

10.9

11.4

11.2

10.5

9.4

8.5

7.5

7.0

35.30

(Tokyo, Tottori, Kobe, Chiba)

7.1

7.9

9.0

10.1

11.0

11.5

11.3

10.6

9.4

8.4

7.5

6.9

37.00

(Niigata, Fukushima)

6.9

7.8

9.0

10.2

11.2

11.7

11.5

10.7

9.5

8.4

7.3

6.7

40.00

(Aomori)

6.6

7.6

9.0

10.3

11.4

12.0

11.8

10.9

9.5

8.3

7.1

6.4

43.00

(Sapporo, Nemuro,

Asahikawa)

6.4

7.5

9.0

10.4

11.6

12.3

12.0

11.0

9.5

8.2

6.9

6.2

 

Table A-423. Area Required for Garage, Housing Cost Coefficient

Model

Housing area

Housing cost coefficient

Model

Housing area

Housing cost coefficient

RGC

RGC

m2

%

m2

%

Tractor

(approx. 15 PS)

6.7

0.56

Grain drill (13 rows)

5.3

0.68

Tractor

(approx. 30 PS)

10.3

0.44

Paddy field harrow

3.2

3.32

Tractor

(approx. 40 PS)

11.7

0.46

Rice transplanter

(2 rows)

2.3

0.82

Tractor

(approx. 60 PS)

12.9

0.43

Rice transplanter

(4 rows)

3.5

0.61

Dual purpose cultivator

3.1

0.61

Portable power sprayer

0.5

0.75

Hand tractor with Suki

3.6

0.51

Trailer type power sprayer

5.3

0.39

Tractor with Suki

2.5

1.81

Loading power sprayer

2.3

0.21

Bottom plow (12 x l)

1.7

1.61

duster (hand)

1.9

0.55

Bottom plow (14 x l)

1.8

1.43

Running duster (trailing)

6.2

0.48

Bottom plow (16 x l)

2.4

1.14

Running duster (loading)

1.8

0.17

Bottom plow (12 x 2)

2.4

1.06

Knapsack type power duster

0.4

0.58

Bottom plow (14 x 2)

2.9

1.07

Manual duster

0.3

3.04

Bottom plow (16 x 2)

3.2

0.96

Reaper-binder

(2 rows)

2.7

0.65

Bottom plow (12 x 3)

2.3

1.06

Reaper-binder

(3 rows)

2.0

0.69

Bottom plow (14 x 3)

4.7

1.36

Head feed combine (0.5 mm)

5.2

0.51

Bottom plow (16 x l)(R)

4.2

0.70

Common combine (1.6 m)

16.7

0.31

Rotary (1.2 m wide)

2.5

0.67

Common combine (2.1 m)

26.0

0.34

Rotary (1.6 m wide)

3.5

0.57

Common combine (2.4 m)

30.0

0.39

Sub-soiler

1.3

1.20

Common combine (3.0 m)

32.7

0.37

Plow with break harrow

3.5

0.85

Common combine (4.2 m)

46.5

0.36

Tooth harrow (30 x 3)

3.1

1.66

Automatic thresher (400 mm)

1.8

1.55

Roller

6.6

2.48

Huller (76 mm)

1.7

1.17

Leveling roller

2.6

0.66

Huller (150 mm)

3.6

1.65

Culti-packer

7.5

3.18

Flat bed forced air dryer (3.3 m2)

5.1

7.00

Manure spreader

(2.2 m2)

7.9

1.15

Vertical type force air dryer

2.4

2.03

Lime-sower

6.8

3.29

Trailer (500 kg)

5.3

2.45

Broad-caster (200 L)

1.8

0.91

Trailer (1,000 kg)

7.7

2.30

Grain drill (7 row)

4.1

0.95

Trailer (2,000 kg)

10.6

2.24

 

Table A-426. Years of Durability and Repair cost coefficient of Farm Machinery

Machinery

Name of machine

Years and hour of Durability

Repair cost coefficient

Economic life

Total service hour

Mean service hour per year

Total repair cost coefficient

Yearly mean repair cost coefficient

Repair cost coefficient per hour

L

ER

RR

erh

year

h

h/year

%

%

%

Tractor

Power tiller,Hand tractor

6

1,200

200

50

8.33

0.042

Riding type tractor

10

5,000

500

70

7.00

0.014

Tillage & Harrow

Suki for hand tractor

6

900

150

40

6.67

0.044

Suki for tractor

10

1,500

150

40

4.00

0.027

Bottom plow

10

1,500

150

40

4.00

0.027

Disk plow

10

1,500

150

40

4.00

0.027

Rotary

8

2,000

250

50

6.25

0.025

Plow with harrow

10

1500

150

40

4.00

0.027

Sub-soiler

10

1000

100

20

2.00

0.020

Teeth harrow

15

1,500

100

40

2.67

0.027

Soil preparing

Roller

15

1,500

100

10

0.67

0.007

Culti-packer

15

1,500

100

10

0.67

0.007

Puddling rake

6

1,200

200

10

1.67

0.008

Puddling rotor

6

1,200

200

10

1.67

0.008

Fertilize & seeding

Manure spreader

10

1,500

150

30

3.00

0.020

Lime sower

10

1000

100

20

2.00

0.020

Broad-caster

10

1000

100

20

2.00

0.020

Grain drill

10

1000

100

40

4.00

0.040

Rice-transplanter

6

1200

200

50

8.33

0.042

Chemical applicator

Knapsack-type mist sprayer (duster)

8

800

100

32

4.00

0.040

Power sprayer

8

800

100

32

4.00

0.040

Power duster

8

800

100

32

4.00

0.040

Manual type sprayer (broadcaster)

8

400

50

16

2.00

0.040

Harvesting

Binder

8

1,600

200

40

5.00

0.025

Combine (head-feeding type and standard type)

10

2,000

200

50

5.00

0.025

Auto-matic power thresher

8

800

100

20

2.50

0.025

Power husker

10

500

50

15

1.50

0.030

Grain dryer

8

3,200

400

12

1.50

0.004

Transport

Trailer (large type)

12

2,400

200

24

2.00

0.010

Trailer (small type)

8

1,600

200

20

2.50

0.013

Truck

5

2,000

400

25

5.00

0.013

Remarks : 1- This table shows, years of durability and hours of durability are different from table 421. This table are base on the actual data from each farm in Japan. 2- When you calculate depreciation, actually total working hours per year are less than this table's hours, it is better to use unit of year of durability, but if total working hours per year becomes more than this table's hours, it is better to use unit of actual working hours per year. 3- Total repair cost coefficient is rate of repair cost to initial cost required until the renewal of machinery. 4- This overall_ repair cost coefficient divided by years of durability is yearly mean repair cost coefficient and divided by hours of durability is repair cost per hour.

See fm-426.xls

Table A-431. Estimate Fuel Consumption

Name of machine

Type and Model

Fuel

Kinds

Consumption

L/h

Tractor

I. 30 ps

D

7.0

II. 40-50. ps

D

11.0

III. 60-80 ps

D

17.0

IV. more than 90 ps

D

22.0

Trencher

I. Self propelled (riding) type (-20 ps)

D

3.0

II. Tractor-attach-type

D

8.0

III. Self-propelled (riding) type 30 (ps-)

D

4.0

Rice transplanter

I. 4-5 rows type

G

1.0

II. more than 6 rows walking type

G

1.0

riding type

D

2.5

Power sprayer

I. 30-55 L/min

D

7.0

II. more than 55 L/min

D

11.0

Power duster

I. 5-8 kg/min

D

7.0

II. more than 8 kg/min

D

11.0

Speed sprayer

I. 20-50 L/min

D

4.0

II. 50-70 L/min

D

7.0

III. more than 70 L/min Tractor attach pull-type

D

7.0

Self -propelled t yp e

D

12.0

Combine

I. Head-feeding type (0.8-1.2 m)

D

4.0

II. Head-feeding type (more than 1.2 m)

D

7.0

III. Standard type (2.5-3.5 m)

D

19.0

IV. Standard type (more than 3.5 m)

D

27.0

Forage harvester

I. 0.8-1.0 m

D

3.0

II. 1.0-1.2 m

D

7.0

III. 1.2-1.5 m

D

11.0

IV. more than 1.5 m

D

17.0

V. more than 2.2 m

D

56.0

Potato harvester

I. Tank capacity (less than 1,000 kg)

D

7.0

II. Tank capacity (more than 1,000 kg)

D

11.0

III. more than 2,000 kg

D

19.0

more than 5,000 kg

D

39.0

Beat harvester

I. Tank capacity (less than 1,000 kg)

D

7.0

Il. Tank capacity (more than 1,000 kg)

D

11.0

III. (more than 2,000 kg)

D

13.0

Bean harvester

I. All-purpose type

G

2.1

Single-purpose (bean)

G

0.8

II. Tractor attach type

D

5.6

Self-propelled type

G

2.7

Remarks: D: Diesel (Light oil) G: Gasoline

 

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